Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents a significant global health issue, encompassing a range of heterogeneous disorders characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. Diabetes is classified into two types: type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM). Diagnosis primarily relies on fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels. Investigating the causes of vision impairment in diabetes is crucial for reducing the rates of blindness. Therefore, implementing screening for early diagnosis is essential to delay complications. Methodology: This study is a prospective descriptive analysis conducted from May 15, 2025, to October 20, 2025. The study was conducted at Doctor Khalil Ophthalmology Clinic in El-Obeid, North Kordofan, Sudan. This study included all individuals with diabetes attending the clinic for follow-up (520 patients). We assessed their visual acuity and selected all patients with poor vision uncorrected by glasses or other means of correction. Results: This study analysed 120 diabetic patients with impaired vision, comprising 58% females and 42% males. The most common condition identified was diabetic retinopathy, affecting 55% of participants, followed by cataract at 54%, hypertension at 46%, glaucoma at 25%, and macular oedema at 17%. Three percent of the cases had newly discovered glaucoma and myopia, and three patients had macular holes. Retinal detachments, corneal ulcers, corneal opacities, and endophthalmitis were also observed. Conclusion: Vision impairment associated with diabetes is prevalent in Sudan, largely attributable to ongoing conflict, which has resulted in inadequate health services and a scarcity of medications for glycaemic control in various regions.
| Published in | International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology (Volume 11, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijde.20261101.11 |
| Page(s) | 1-6 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Retinopathy, Retinal Detachment, Macular Edema, Sudan War
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APA Style
Ibraheim, K. A. (2026). Factors Interrelated to Declining Vision Among Diabetic Patients in Sudan. International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology, 11(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20261101.11
ACS Style
Ibraheim, K. A. Factors Interrelated to Declining Vision Among Diabetic Patients in Sudan. Int. J. Diabetes Endocrinol. 2026, 11(1), 1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ijde.20261101.11
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ijde.20261101.11,
author = {Khalil Ali Ibraheim},
title = {Factors Interrelated to Declining Vision Among Diabetic Patients in Sudan},
journal = {International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {1-6},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijde.20261101.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20261101.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijde.20261101.11},
abstract = {Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents a significant global health issue, encompassing a range of heterogeneous disorders characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. Diabetes is classified into two types: type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM). Diagnosis primarily relies on fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels. Investigating the causes of vision impairment in diabetes is crucial for reducing the rates of blindness. Therefore, implementing screening for early diagnosis is essential to delay complications. Methodology: This study is a prospective descriptive analysis conducted from May 15, 2025, to October 20, 2025. The study was conducted at Doctor Khalil Ophthalmology Clinic in El-Obeid, North Kordofan, Sudan. This study included all individuals with diabetes attending the clinic for follow-up (520 patients). We assessed their visual acuity and selected all patients with poor vision uncorrected by glasses or other means of correction. Results: This study analysed 120 diabetic patients with impaired vision, comprising 58% females and 42% males. The most common condition identified was diabetic retinopathy, affecting 55% of participants, followed by cataract at 54%, hypertension at 46%, glaucoma at 25%, and macular oedema at 17%. Three percent of the cases had newly discovered glaucoma and myopia, and three patients had macular holes. Retinal detachments, corneal ulcers, corneal opacities, and endophthalmitis were also observed. Conclusion: Vision impairment associated with diabetes is prevalent in Sudan, largely attributable to ongoing conflict, which has resulted in inadequate health services and a scarcity of medications for glycaemic control in various regions.},
year = {2026}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Factors Interrelated to Declining Vision Among Diabetic Patients in Sudan AU - Khalil Ali Ibraheim Y1 - 2026/01/07 PY - 2026 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20261101.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ijde.20261101.11 T2 - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology JF - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology JO - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2640-1371 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20261101.11 AB - Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents a significant global health issue, encompassing a range of heterogeneous disorders characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. Diabetes is classified into two types: type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM). Diagnosis primarily relies on fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels. Investigating the causes of vision impairment in diabetes is crucial for reducing the rates of blindness. Therefore, implementing screening for early diagnosis is essential to delay complications. Methodology: This study is a prospective descriptive analysis conducted from May 15, 2025, to October 20, 2025. The study was conducted at Doctor Khalil Ophthalmology Clinic in El-Obeid, North Kordofan, Sudan. This study included all individuals with diabetes attending the clinic for follow-up (520 patients). We assessed their visual acuity and selected all patients with poor vision uncorrected by glasses or other means of correction. Results: This study analysed 120 diabetic patients with impaired vision, comprising 58% females and 42% males. The most common condition identified was diabetic retinopathy, affecting 55% of participants, followed by cataract at 54%, hypertension at 46%, glaucoma at 25%, and macular oedema at 17%. Three percent of the cases had newly discovered glaucoma and myopia, and three patients had macular holes. Retinal detachments, corneal ulcers, corneal opacities, and endophthalmitis were also observed. Conclusion: Vision impairment associated with diabetes is prevalent in Sudan, largely attributable to ongoing conflict, which has resulted in inadequate health services and a scarcity of medications for glycaemic control in various regions. VL - 11 IS - 1 ER -
Dr. Khalil Ophthalmology Center, El-Obeid, Sudan;Department of Surgery, University of Kordofan, El-Obeid, Sudan;Department of Ophthalmology, El-Obeid Teaching Hospital, El-Obeid, Sudan;Sheikan College, El-Obeid, Sudan
